• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for ultrasonic detection and characterization of defects in a heterogeneous material, comprising the following steps: - emission of ultrasound from an ultrasonic transmitter transducer placed against the material, - acquisition by an ultrasonic receiver transducer in different positions with respect to said material a plurality of time signals representative of the amplitude of the sound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position of the ultrasonic receiver transducer, - determining a temporal function representative of a power spatially averaging the time signals corresponding to different positions of the receiving transducer; - normalizing the time signals by means of said time function to obtain normalized time signals, the defects of the material being detected from said normalized time signal.
    公开号:FR3029288A1
    申请号:FR1461602
    申请日:2014-11-27
    公开日:2016-06-03
    发明作者:Nicolas Paul；Pierre-Louis Filiot
    申请人:Electricite de France SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the non-destructive testing of materials, and more specifically to the ultrasonic detection and characterization of defects in a heterogeneous material. .
    [0002] Ultrasound is commonly used for the implementation of non-destructive testing of materials. An ultrasonic transducer placed on the surface of the material to be examined, which emits ultrasonic waves into the material, is used for this purpose. These waves propagate in the material and are reflected by the material as a function of its structure. The transducer receives these reflected waves, and their analysis can detect any defects in the material. However, for a heterogeneous material, that is to say a polycrystalline material whose grain size is of the order of the ultrasonic wavelength in this material, the phenomenon of diffusion of the ultrasonic wave by the structure material becomes dominant. This diffusion can then lead to the generation of a structure noise, that is to say an ultrasound signal of significant amplitude received by the transducer and having characteristics similar to those that emitted a wave reflected by a fault, thus causing a deterioration in the ability to detect defects actually present in the material. Indeed, insofar as the structure noise has temporal and spectral characteristics similar to those of the fault signatures constituting the useful signal, the conventional approaches for processing the ultrasonic signals, by temporal or frequency filtering, deconvolution or projection on bases wavelets prove ineffective.
    [0003] PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to propose a method of ultrasonic detection of defects in a heterogeneous material which makes it possible to reduce the influence of the structural noise which taints the data collected. For this purpose, there is provided a method for ultrasonic detection and characterization of defects in a heterogeneous material, comprising the following steps: - emission of ultrasound from an ultrasonic transmitter transducer placed against the material, - acquisition by a ultrasonic receiver transducer at different positions with respect to said material of a plurality of time signals representative of the amplitude of ultrasound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position of the ultrasonic receiver transducer, the method comprising the steps of: a time function representative of a spatially average power of the time signals corresponding to different positions of the ultrasonic receiver transducer, - normalization of the time signals by means of said time function to obtain standardized time signals, - detection and characterization of the defects of the material tofrom said normalized time signals. The invention is advantageously completed by the following characteristics, taken alone or in any of their technically possible combination: the time function representative of the spatially average power of the time signals is of general formula: f (t) = -m (t ) la) 11 with a, p and 'y different from zero, x (z, t) the temporal signal representative of the amplitude of sound propagated in the material as a function of time for a z position of the ultrasonic receiver transducer, and m (t) a function of time; and - either m (t) = 0, or m (t) = -1 Ez x (z, t), or m (t) = me diane, {x (z, t)}, and Nz - let a = 2 and y = 0.5, ie a = 1 and y = 1, and - = -Nz or the = - or = 1, with Nz the number of positions, Nz being greater than 2; choosing m (t) = 0, a = 2, y = 0.5, f 9 = -Ni, the time function being a standard deviation G (t) of the spatial signals of different positions of the receiver transducer, said positions being defined by their altitude h and their angle 0: (t) Nh NO - the normalization of a time signal x (z, t) by means of said temporal function f (t) corresponds to the division of said temporal signal by said function temporal: Xnorm (Z, t) - a temporal signal representative of the amplitude of the sound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position of the receiving transducer is a spatio-temporal representation of type A representative of the amplitude of the propagated sound in the material as a function of time for a position of the receiving transducer; the detection of defects comprises a step of determining at least one type C spatial representation by selecting for each ultrasound receiver transducer position the maximum value in time of the absolute value of the normalized time signal corresponding to this position; the detection of defects comprises a step of spatial filtering said at least one type C spatial representation by means of a low-pass spatial filter; the detection of defects comprises a step of comparison with a threshold of detection of the ratio between, on the one hand, the absolute value of the difference between the value taken by the spatial representation of type C for a position and the average of the values of the representation; type C and on the other hand the standard deviation of values of the type C spatial representation; - prior to the determination of the temporal function: - at least one type C spatial representation is determined by selecting for each ultrasound receiver transducer position the maximum value in time of the absolute value of the time signal corresponding to this position, - applies a two-dimensional preprocessing low-pass spatial filter to this type C spatial representation in order to obtain a mean level of the structure noise at each measurement position, - each time signal is divided by the average noise level of structure at the measurement position with which said time signal is associated. The invention also relates to a computer program product comprising program code instructions for executing the method according to the invention when said program is executed on a computer. PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which relates to a preferred embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example and explained with reference to the attached schematic drawings, in which: FIGS. 1a and 1b illustrate the inspection of a tube by a probe, dedicated respectively to the detection of longitudinal and circumferential defects; FIG. 2 illustrates the evolution of the standard deviation of the structure noise as a function of the arrival time; FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c are examples of type C representations illustrating different steps of a pretreatment for reducing the spatial variability of the structure noise; FIG. 4 is an exemplary representation of type C corresponding to the selection, for each ultrasound receiver transducer position, of the maximum value in time of the absolute value of the time signal corresponding to this position, before normalization; FIG. 5 illustrates the type C representation of FIG. 4 after normalization by means of the spatial standard deviation of the time signals; FIG. 6 illustrates a type C representation of the ratio between, on the one hand, the absolute value of the difference between the value of the type C representation of FIG. 5 and the average of these values, and secondly the standard deviation of the values of the type C representation of FIG. 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION For purposes of illustration, the following description will be made in the context of non-destructive testing of reactor bottom penetration tubes of a nuclear reactor by means of ultrasonic transducers. Such an acquisition of transducer measurements is commonly performed, especially for the implementation of the so-called diffraction path time measurement technique, better known by the acronym TOFD for the English "time of flight diffraction", the same Acquisition protocol can be implemented for the present invention. The inspection of reactor bottom penetration tubes of a nuclear reactor presents several constraints specific to the nuclear field. On the one hand this medium is likely to cause premature aging of materials, and on the other hand the consequences of a structural failure are such that all defects should be detected at the earliest. In addition, the accessibility of these penetration tubes is restricted to their interior, which entails the need to inspect the entire thickness of the tube from its inner face, since an inspection from outside the tubes is difficult to envisage. . A tub bottom penetration tube is typically inconel, that is, an alloy based primarily on nickel, chromium, iron, and also containing copper, manganese and molybdenum, as well as possibly other components in generally lesser quantity. It is a heterogeneous material whose structure has grains of a size comparable to the wavelength of ultrasonic waves used in non-destructive testing. By way of example, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves generally used in non-destructive testing can range from 0.1 to 50 MHz, the 2-10 MHz band being the most commonly used. The wavelength, in this band, is therefore substantially, for metals such as steel or aluminum, between 3 mm and 0.5 mm. It should be noted that the process is not necessarily restricted to a heterogeneous material, but finds an advantageous application there. The inspection of such tubes is generally done by means of two types of probes. One of the probes is adapted to detect the longitudinal defects, giving a longitudinal signal called TOFD-L, while the other of the probes is adapted to detect circumferential defects, giving a circumferential signal called TOFD-C. For example, the two probes can traverse the inner surface of the tube helically. Figures la and lb illustrate the scanning of a tube 10 by both types of ultrasound probes. FIG. 1a thus shows a probe 1 of the TOFD-L (longitudinal) type inspecting a tube 10, disposed facing the inner wall 11 of this tube 10, the probe 1 of which takes up the curvature. The tube 10 has a defect 13, shown here in the form of a notch. The transmitting transducer 14 and the receiving transducer 15 of the probe 1 are arranged so as to be oriented relative to each other perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the tube 10. They are therefore in a plane perpendicular to said axis longitudinal view of the tube 10. FIG. 1b shows a probe 2 of the TOFD-C (circumferential) type inspecting the tube 10, presenting the defect 13. The TOFD-C 2 probe is disposed facing the inner wall 11 of this tube 10, of which she takes up the curvature. The transmitting transducer 24 and the receiving transducer 25 of the TOFD-C 2 probe are arranged so as to be aligned in the longitudinal axis of the tube 10. They are therefore in a plane parallel to said longitudinal axis of the tube 10.
    [0004] For both types of probe, the measurement method is similar, as is the detection method that will be described. One or the other type of probe can be used, or both. Ultrasound is emitted from the ultrasonic emitter transducer 14, 24 placed against the material. The probe traverses the tube, and, for a plurality of positions marked by the altitude h and the angle θ, an ultrasound wave firing is performed, and the reflected signal is received by the ultrasonic receiver transducer 15, 25. example, for measurements, the pitch at altitude can be 0.5 mm, the pitch in rotation of 1.44 °.
    [0005] The data thus acquired are defined by an amplitude as a function of time related to an altitude h and an angle O. We can note z the position defined by an altitude h and an angle O. We therefore note: - xL (h, 0, t) or xL (z, t): the time signals received by the probe TOFD-L 1, and -) (c (h, 0, t) or) (c (z, t): the time signals received by the TOFD-C 2 probe, From these data, representations of several types can be constructed: - the representation A, or A-scan, which is a temporal signal for a probe position, whose data are denoted xLou c ( u, 0) (0 or xLou uz) (t) - the representation B, or B-scan, which can be either: - a two-dimensional angle-time signal for a given altitude: xL, or cau (0, t), or - a two-dimensional signal altitude / time for a given angle: XL or C (0) (h, t) - the representation C, or C-scan, which is a two-dimensional signal corresponding to the amplitudes maximum (in absolute value) measured for each that position of the probe YL or C (11, 0) - Mtax lx ', or c (h, 0, t) or YL or C (Z) = Mtaxix L or c (z, t) i For convenience, and insofar as they are equivalent, the indices (L or C) concerning the longitudinal or circumferential aspect of the probe having acquired the signals studied are subsequently omitted. Preferably, before continuing the process, a pretreatment is carried out in order to reduce the spatial variability of the structure noise and thus improve the efficiency of the subsequent treatments. For this purpose, at least one C-type spatial representation is first determined by selecting for each ultrasonic receiver transducer position the maximum value in time of the absolute value of the time signal corresponding to this position, as indicated above. FIG. 3a illustrates a representation of type C, or C-scan, with the vertical axis representing the altitude, expressed here in probe steps of 0.5 mm, and the horizontal axis the angles 0, expressed here in steps. angular of 1.44 °. In this figure 3a, as well as in the following figures 3b and 3c, a dark shade indicates a low value, while a light shade indicates a high value. There are at least four zones distinguished by their average level: a first zone 31 corresponding to the angles between 0 and about 50 angular steps of the probe has a low average value (dark shade), a second zone 32 corresponding to the angles between about 50 angular steps and about 150 angular steps has a high average value (light hue), a third zone 33 corresponding to angles between about 150 angular steps and about 200 angular steps has a low average value (dark hue), a fourth area 34 corresponding to angles between about 200 angular steps and about 250 angular steps has a high average value (light hue).
    [0006] A two-dimensional preprocessing low-pass spatial filter is applied to this type C spatial representation in order to obtain a mean level of the structure noise at each measurement position. The two cutoff frequencies, one for the h altitude and the other for the 0 angle, are chosen to be the inverse of the distance at which the structural noise level is assumed to be relatively constant. Taking the example above, we have the cutoff frequency and 1/50 no probes or 1/72 degrees-1. FIG. 3b illustrates the image of the average structure noise values corresponding to the C-scan of FIG. 3a after it has been filtered by a two-dimensional preprocessing low-pass spatial filter. It contains the four zones distinguished by their average level: a first zone 41 corresponding to the angles between 0 and about 50 angular steps has a low average value (dark tone), a second zone 42 corresponding to the angles between about 50 angular steps and about 150 angular steps have a high average value (light hue), a third area 43 corresponding to angles between about 150 angular steps and about 200 angular steps has a low average value (dark hue), a fourth area 44 corresponding to angles between about 200 angular steps and about 250 angular steps has a high average value (light shade).
    [0007] The average level of the structure noise is thus obtained at each measurement position. Each time signal, that is to say each A-scan, is then divided by the average level of the structure noise at the measurement position with which said temporal signal is associated. Noting P (z) the average level of the structure noise at the measurement position z, and taking again the notation of the A-scan indicated above, we thus have for the A-scan thus pretreated: x (z) (t) X (z) (t) pretreated = P (z) After this possible pretreatment of the spatial variability of the structure noise in the A-scan, we then look at the temporal variability of the structure noise in the Ascan . The type A representations correspond to a plurality of time signals representative of the amplitude of the sound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position of the ultrasonic receiver transducer 15, 25. It is from these time signals that will be implemented the detection of defects. In Figures 1a and 1b, different ultrasonic wave paths have been shown. The ultrasonic waves are emitted by the transmitter transducer 14, 24 and enter the tube 10 at its inner wall 11, then propagate in the material of said tube 10. A first path 16, 26 is a short path for the ultrasonic waves , which are diffracted by the defect 13 towards the receiving transducer 15, 25. A second path 17, 27 constitutes a long path for the ultrasonic waves, which are reflected by the outer wall 12 of the tube 10 towards the receiving transducer 15, 25.
    [0008] Different paths are therefore possible for the ultrasonic waves received by the receiving transducer 15, 25, from which the different measurement signals (A-scan, B-scan or C-scan) are constructed. However, the longer the path of the ultrasonic wave in the material, the greater the interactions with the grains of the material.
    [0009] This results in a power structure noise that increases with the wave travel time, so with the time of reception thereof. To characterize this phenomenon, a temporal function representative of the spatially average power of the time signals corresponding to different positions of the receiving transducer against the material is determined as a function of the propagation time of said signals. Spatial mean power is the mean in space, that is to say in z or (h, O) of a magnitude, in this case instantaneous power, at a given time t. The temporal function is representative of this spatially average power, which means that it can be directly or indirectly linked to the spatially average power, and consequently can be based on a magnitude that does not correspond to this spatially average power, but linked to it, such as the spatial standard deviation. In all cases, this time function involves, for each instant t, a sum on the space taking into account the values taken by the time signals on said space at this instant t.
    [0010] This temporal function has the general formula: f (t) = (lx (z, t) _m (t) I ") 11 z with a, p and y different from zero, x (z, t) the representative temporal signal the amplitude of the sound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position z (defined by the altitude and the angle) of the ultrasonic receiver transducer, t being the travel or propagation time of the ultrasonic wave, and m (t) a function of time One can choose: - either m (t) = 0, or m (t) = -1 Ez x (z, t), that is to say the average of the signal x on Nz space, let m (t) = me diane z {x (z, t)}, and - preferably either a = 2 and y = 0.5, which corresponds to the standard deviation, or a = 1 and y = 1, which corresponds to the average absolute deviation, and - preferably the = -N1 or the = -N 1 1 or the = 1, with 1 1, the number of positions taken into account, greater than two.
    [0011] Thus, taking m (t) = 0, a = 2, y = 0.5, = -, the time function is a spatial standard deviation G (t) of the time signals of different positions of the receiving transducer, said positions being defined by their altitude h and their angle 0: 1 v NhNe Li X2 (h, 0, t) Nh NO Preferably, the different positions of the receiver transducer from which the temporal function is determined correspond to a portion of the studied material, and not in its entirety. A temporal function is therefore determined for each of these portions of material. The portions of materials thus treated can be juxtaposed, as in the case of a block treatment, but preferably the portions of materials overlap and are each centered on a measurement position, so that there is a function time for each measurement position which is determined from the area surrounding said position on the material.
    [0012] The extent of the material portion taken into account depends on the spatial variability of the structure noise, and therefore on the spatial variability of the power of the measured signals. By way of example, the zone surrounding said position may extend from 100 measuring points, or positions, in height, and 100 angle measuring points. With a step of measurement in height of 0.5 mm and an angular step of 1.44 degree, one thus obtains a portion of material extending of 50 mm in height and 150 degrees in width. FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrate the spatial standard deviation of the time signals as a function of the arrival time for the probe L (FIG. 2a) and the probe C (FIG. 2b) for a position on the surface of a tube 10. Since the tube 10 has few defects, the time course of the standard deviation is essentially due to the structure noise. It is found that the standard deviation increases with the arrival time of the signal, at least initially, and therefore with the time between the emission of ultrasound and their reception by the probe influences the power of the structure noise.
    [0013] Indeed, as explained above, for a short travel time of an ultrasonic wave, few diffusion paths are possible. On the other hand, at a high travel time corresponds many different possible diffusion paths for the ultrasonic wave. Since the total signal received is the sum of the scattered ultrasound waves, the power received will be for the high travel times, despite the greater attenuation of each broadcast. The attenuation of the signals is however observed on the longest travel times, and therefore their dispersion represented by the standard deviation, as shown by the slight final decay of the curves of Figures 2a and 2b.
    [0014] The temporal function representative of the spatially average power of the time signals is then used to normalize the time signals. More precisely, the amplitude of a time signal x (z, t) is divided by said temporal function f (t): xf ((zt,) xnorm (Z, t) Thus, when the time function used is the standard deviation cr (t), one can normalize the signals A-scans, which are time signals for a probe position, whose data are denoted x (h, 0) (0, omitting the index L or C indicating the type of fault sought by the probe = x (h, e) (t) x147 (0 (t) Normalization increases the contrast between the wanted signal due to a possible material defect and the structure noise Standardized B-scans can then be constructed from these standardized A-scans, and standardized Cscans can be constructed from these normalized A-scans by selecting for each ultrasonic receptor transducer position the maximum value over time. the normalized time signal corresponding to this position: Y "rm (h, 61) = max lx (h, e) (t) t (t) 1, or Y" rm (z) = max lx (z) ( Thus, a signal derived from the normalization of time signals by the time function representative of the spatially average power of the time signals, in this case by the standard deviation in this example, is obtained.
    [0015] FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the implementation of the standardization on an example of a C-type representation, that is to say a C-scan, corresponding to the selection, for each ultrasonic receiver transducer position, of the value maximum in time of the absolute value of the time signal corresponding to this position. As before, the vertical axis represents the altitude, expressed here in probe pitch of 0.5 mm, and the horizontal axis the angles, expressed here in angular steps of 1.44 °. In this Figure 4, as in Figure 5, a dark shade indicates a low value, while a light shade indicates a high value. Figure 4 is an example of C-scan, before this standardization. There is a distribution of values, visible by their hues, which seems random. On the other hand, in FIG. 5, which illustrates the type C representation of FIG. 4 after standardization by means of the spatial standard deviation of the time signals of a form similar to that of FIGS. 2a and 2b, it is observed that in evidence of two sets 51 and 52 in the center of the C-scan distinguished by values higher than the surrounding area. The presence of two defects corresponding to these two sets has thus been demonstrated. It remains to detect and characterize the defects by detecting their signature in the derived signal. In this respect, the detection and characterization of defects is preferably carried out by means of a two-dimensional spatial signal such as C-scan, rather than a temporal or spatio-temporal signal such as a B-scan. Indeed, regardless of the profile of the defect, for example whether it is a rectangular or semi-elliptical cut, the projection of the defect on the C-scan is a line segment, vertical for a longitudinal cut or horizontal for a circumferential cut, or a combination of both, for example what is the case of a crack extending diagonally, both circumferentially and longitudinally in the tube. The use of a spatial representation of type C, in two spatial dimensions, thus makes it possible to overcome the profile of the defects to be detected. Defects such as nicks can extend over several tens of millimeters.
    [0016] The points of the C-scan at this signature are therefore inter-correlated with each other, that is to say that they have a coherence on several spatially adjacent positions at the level of the defect. On the other hand, in the absence of a fault signature in the C-scan, with only noise, the C-scan has a much lower inter-correlation around any point. Thus, each notch can be marked by a spatial persistence on the C-scan according to the angle and / or the altitude where it appears.
    [0017] In addition, the configuration of the TOFD probes, type C or type L, also leads to spatial persistence. Indeed, the received ultrasonic signal is impacted by the defect as it is located between the transmitter transducer 14, 24 and the receiving transducer 15, 25 (see Figures la and lb). Consequently, the persistence of the defect can be observed at several positions (altitudes, angles) in the vicinity of a defect on the C-scan. This spatial coherence is exploited to highlight the useful signal representative of the defects to the detriment of the noise, less correlated spatially. Spatial filtering exploiting this spatial correlation is therefore implemented on the signal derived from normalization, by applying a low-pass spatial filter to the C-scan in order to filter it spatially. The low-pass spatial filter is designed to mitigate the variability of structural noise, characterized by the spatial standard deviation of the distribution of its amplitudes, while maintaining the level of the signature of a defect.
    [0018] The filter is called spatial because it does not involve temporal considerations, the C-scan being a purely spatial signal, without temporal variable. The spatial filter may be a one-dimensional filter applied to the angular component 0, that is to say that for each altitude h the normalized signal er (6) is filtered, and / or on the altitude component h, that is to say that for each altitude h the normalized signal yUr (h) is filtered.
    [0019] The spatial cut-off frequency of the low-pass spatial filter can be chosen as a function of the minimum size AL .. of the defects that one seeks to detect, as being the inverse of this minimum size AL ... Thus, to detect defects of at least 10 mm, the spatial cut-off frequency is therefore chosen to be less than 100 m-1. The spatial filter is typically a Butterworth filter. The spatial filter can also be a two-dimensional low-pass spatial filter applied to the C-scan image. The two-dimensional frequency response can be chosen as a function of the minimum size of the defects sought, as well as for a one-dimensional spatial filter.
    [0020] The C-scan thus filtered makes it possible to obtain a fault detection card. Indeed, the signature appears on the C-scan, in particular by a different amplitude of the surroundings, which makes it possible to detect them, but also to locate them. Indeed, a C-scan is a spatial representation, and each point is localized by its altitude and angle.
    [0021] A simple method of detection consists of using a given threshold: any exceeding of the threshold by a set of adjacent points of the C-scan signals the presence of a defect. A slightly more sophisticated detection method is not based on the values directly taken by the C-scan, but on comparison with a detection threshold of the ratio between the absolute value of the difference between the value taken by the spatial representation of type C for a position and the average of the values of the spatial representation of type C and secondly the standard deviation of the values of the spatial representation of type C. By repeating the previous notations, thus: yf "tré (Z) - moyennel> threshold Y with y filtered (Z) the value of the C-scan, possibly filtered, taken at the z position, average the spatial mean of the C-scan, and y the difference -Type of the C-scan values The detection threshold may for example be 3. This method makes it possible to highlight the defects even more clearly For the purposes of illustration, Figure 6 illustrates the implementation of this calculation, without the mentioned spatial filtering step previously have not been implemented, for reasons of simplicity of demonstration. FIG. 6 thus shows a C-scan corresponding to the ratio between, on the one hand, the absolute value of the difference between the value of the type C representation of FIG. 5 and the average of these values, and on the other hand the standard deviation of the values of the type C representation of figure 5. It contains the two sets 51 and 52 of high values, however highlighted with respect to the zones which surround them, with values 3 to 4 times higher to these. It is then easy to locate the defects. Once the fault is localized in altitude and angle, the position of the amplitude peak on the standardized A-scan corresponding to the position of the localized fault makes it possible to determine the depth of the defect. The method described is typically implemented by a computer provided with a processor and a memory. For this purpose, there is provided a computer program product comprising program code instructions for executing the method according to the invention when said program is executed on a computer. The invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown in the accompanying figures. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method for ultrasonic detection and characterization of defects in a heterogeneous material (10), comprising the steps of: - emitting ultrasound from an ultrasonic transmitter transducer (14, 24) placed against the material (10), - acquiring by an ultrasonic receiver transducer (15, 25) at different positions with respect to said material (10) a plurality of temporal signals representative of the amplitude of ultrasound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position of the ultrasonic receiver transducer , characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: - determining a temporal function representative of a spatially average power of the time signals corresponding to different positions of the ultrasonic receiver transducer (15, 25), - normalization of the time signals by means of of said time function to obtain standardized time signals, - detection and characterization defects of the material from said normalized time signals.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the temporal function representative of the spatially average power of the time signals is of general formula: f (t) = (lx (z, t) _m (t) V) z with oc, p and 'y different from zero, x (z, t) the temporal signal representative of the amplitude of the sound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position z of the ultrasonic receiver transducer, and m (t) a function of time .
    [0003]
    3. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein: - either m (t) = 0, or m (t) = jEz x (z, t), or m (t) = me diane z {x (z, t) }, and Nz = either cc = 2 and y = 0.5, or cc = 1 and y = 1, and 1 - R, _. = - or / 3 = or the = 1, with Nz the number of positions, Nz being Nz Nz-i greater than 2.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein m (t) = 0, a = 2, y = 0.5, the = -N1, the time function being a standard deviation a (t) spatial time signals of different receiving transducer positions, said positions being defined by their altitude h and their angle 0: 1 v N IV 0 Li h X2 (h, 0, t) Nh NO
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the normalization of a time signal x (z, t) by means of said temporal function f (t) corresponds to the division of said time signal by said temporal function: (z, t) f (t)
    [0006]
    The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a time signal representative of the amplitude of the sound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position of the receiving transducer is a representative type A space-time representation of the amplitude of sound propagated in the material as a function of time for a position of the receiving transducer.
    [0007]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flaw detection comprises a step of determining at least one C-type spatial representation by selecting for each ultrasonic receiver transducer position the maximum value in time of the absolute value of the normalized time signal corresponding to this position.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the detection of defects comprises a step of spatial filtering said spatial representation of type C by means of a low-pass spatial filter. Xnorm (Z, t) -
    [0009]
    9. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the detection of defects comprises a step of comparison with a threshold of detection of the ratio between on the one hand the absolute value of the difference between the value taken by the spatial representation of type C for a position and the average of the values of the spatial representation of type C and secondly the standard deviation of the values of the spatial representation of type C.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, prior to the determination of the temporal function: - at least one type C spatial representation is determined by selecting for each ultrasound receiver transducer position the maximum value over time of the absolute value of the time signal corresponding to this position, a two-dimensional preprocessing low-pass spatial filter is applied to this type C spatial representation in order to obtain a mean level of the structure noise at each measurement position. each time signal is divided by the average level of the structure noise at the measurement position with which said time signal is associated.
    [0011]
    A computer program product comprising program code instructions for executing the method according to any one of the preceding claims, when said program is run on a computer
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2700199T3|2019-02-14|
    CA2968487A1|2016-06-02|
    FR3029288B1|2016-12-23|
    EP3224611B1|2018-09-05|
    KR20170089893A|2017-08-04|
    US20170328871A1|2017-11-16|
    JP6275926B2|2018-02-07|
    CA2968487C|2020-07-28|
    JP2017535786A|2017-11-30|
    EP3224611A1|2017-10-04|
    WO2016083759A1|2016-06-02|
    CN107110825B|2018-07-17|
    KR101833467B1|2018-02-28|
    CN107110825A|2017-08-29|
    US10533977B2|2020-01-14|
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    法律状态:
    2015-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-06-03| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160603 |
    2016-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-11-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-11-10| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-10-06| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1461602A|FR3029288B1|2014-11-27|2014-11-27|METHOD FOR ULTRASOUND DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEFECTS IN HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL|FR1461602A| FR3029288B1|2014-11-27|2014-11-27|METHOD FOR ULTRASOUND DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEFECTS IN HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL|
    JP2017528460A| JP6275926B2|2014-11-27|2015-11-27|Method for detecting and characterizing defects in heterogeneous materials via ultrasound|
    CN201580073409.9A| CN107110825B|2014-11-27|2015-11-27|Pass through ultrasound detection and the method that the defects of characterizes heterogeneous material|
    ES15819846T| ES2700199T3|2014-11-27|2015-11-27|Ultrasonic detection and characterization procedure of defects in a heterogeneous material|
    EP15819846.5A| EP3224611B1|2014-11-27|2015-11-27|Method for detecting and characterizing defects in a heterogeneous material via ultrasound|
    PCT/FR2015/053245| WO2016083759A1|2014-11-27|2015-11-27|Method for detecting and characterizing defects in a heterogeneous material via ultrasound|
    CA2968487A| CA2968487C|2014-11-27|2015-11-27|Method for detecting and characterizing defects in a heterogeneous material via ultrasound|
    KR1020177017271A| KR101833467B1|2014-11-27|2015-11-27|Method for detecting and characterizing defects in a heterogeneous material via ultrasound|
    US15/529,414| US10533977B2|2014-11-27|2015-11-27|Method for detecting and characterizing defects in a heterogenous material via ultrasound|
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